WEAVING
INTRODUCTION
Weaving is described as the right-angle interlacing of two separate strands of yarn or thread. This pattern produces a strong, yet flexible framework that holds individual threads in place, resulting in a solid cloth or fabric.
The vertical threads are known as the warp, and the horizontal threads are known as the weft or filling.
HISTORY
Weaving has been practiced by humans since the Paleolithic era. Early looms require one or two people to operate on them. Horizontal and vertical looms may be found in Asia, Africa, and Europe by 700 AD. By 1177, looms in Moorish Spain had been improved by rising higher above the ground on a stronger frame. Weaving was done at home and sold at fairs in Medieval Europe. The craft expanded, and guilds were formed.
Fabric manufacture was transferred from the house to purpose-built centralized building as a result of war, hunger, and epidemic. Weaving was transformed from hand to machine during the Industrial Revolution. In 1733, John Kay created the Flying Shuttle, which allowed for larger cloth weaving while also making it faster.
In 1785, the first weaving mills were constructed. The Jacquard loom was created about 1803. It could be programmed via punch cards, allowing for faster weaving of more complex patterns.
WEAVING PROCESS
Weaving may be defined as the repeating of these 3 methods, commonly known as the primary motions of the loom.
SHEDDING
Lifting and lowering the shafts to separate the warp strands into two layers, forming a tunnel known as the ‘shed.'
PICKING / FILLING
Weft yarn (pick) is passed through the shed across the warp strands.
BEATING-UP
Using the reed to push the newly inserted weft yarn back into the fall.
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