OFF-LOOM WEAVING
WHAT IS WEAVING?
Weaving is a fabric-making process. To make a fabric or cloth, two distinct yarns or threads are intertwined at right angles. The warp and weft are the two strands that make up a fabric. Fabric is generally woven on a loom, which keeps the warp threads in place while the weft is weaved through them. Other weaving techniques exist as well. The weave is the process of interlacing the warp and weft threads together.
BASIC TYPES OF WEAVE:
Plain weave, satin weave, and twill are the three fundamental forms of weave that produce diverse patterns and textures of textiles for various applications.
HISTORY
Weaving has been practiced by humans since the Paleolithic period. Flax weavings dating from about 5000 BC have been discovered in Fayum, Egypt. Flax was the first popular fiber in ancient Egypt, but it was displaced by wool approximately 2000 BC. Weaving was known in all significant civilizations by the dawn of time. Early looms require one or two people to operate on them.
Horizontal and vertical looms may be found in Asia, Africa, and Europe by 700 AD. At the same time, pit-treadle looms with pedals for manipulating heddles were popular. This type of loom was initially seen in Syria, Iran, and the Islamic regions of East Africa. In Africa, the wealthy wore cotton clothes, while the impoverished wore wool. By 1177, looms in Moorish Spain had been improved by rising higher above the ground on a stronger frame. The weaver's hands were now free to pass the shuttle, while the heddles were operated by the feet. This style of loom became the norm across Europe. Weaving was done at home and sold at fairs in Medieval Europe. The craft expanded, and guilds were formed. Wars, famine, and plague shifted the manufacturing of fabrics from home to purpose-built centralized buildings.
Because colonial America was reliant on Great Britain for manufactured products, they began weaving fabric from locally grown fibers. Cotton and wool were the most common materials, although wool was preferred because of the labor-intensive procedure of separating the seeds from the cotton fiber. The cotton gin, a machine that rapidly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, revolutionized all of that. Fabrics made of flax and hemp were very popular. At the period, the plain weave was favored, with woven-in embellishments or woodblock printing.
Weaving went from hand to machine throughout the Industrial Revolution. In 1733, John Kay created the flying shuttle, which allowed for broader weaving and faster weaving. In 1785, the first loom factories were constructed. In the year 1803, the Jacquard loom was developed. Punch cards may be used to programmed it, allowing it to weave more complex patterns more quickly. Initially, white textiles were manually printed with natural colors, with synthetic dyes arriving in the second part of the nineteenth century.
OFF-LOOM TECHNIQUES
RYA KNOTS
Rya Knots are the most common type of fringe seen at the bottom of a weave. The rya knot, on the other hand, can be put anywhere to produce a more fascinating and distinctive composition. Because the knot retains the thread ends in place, it's also utilized to create a shaggy carpet texture.
RYA LOOP
Rya loop weaving, commonly known as the Rya rug knot, is a technique for creating a pile on the surface of woven cloth. When weaving, rya loops can be used to provide texture to one region or the entire work. Rya loops may be trimmed to any length for a long shaggy fringe, a shorter carpet-like texture, or left as a loop for a different design aspect.
SOUMAK WEAVE
The soumak weaving is a great way to spice up your wall hanging. This method adds depth and complexity to your weave by sitting on top of the warp threads. When two rows of soumak weave are placed next to each other, the weave gives on a braided appearance.
HALF HITCH KNOT
The half hitch is a simple overhand knot that involves bringing the working end of a line over and under the standing section of the knot. Although it is insecure on its own, it is an important part of a variety of useful and dependable hitches, bends, and knots.
TUFTING
Tufting is a form of textile weaving that involves inserting a thread into a primary base. It's an old method for creating warm clothing, particularly mittens. Short U-shaped loops of additional yarn are inserted into the cloth from the outside, with their ends pointing inwards, once the knitting is completed. On the exterior, the tuft yarns usually create a regular array of "dots," occasionally in a different color. The tuft yarns can be knotted on the inside for further security, but they aren't required. The tuft yarns' ends are then frayed, resulting in a thick, insulating layer within the knitted garment.
PILE WEAVE
Pile weave is a form of textile created by weaving. A pile, or looped or tufted surface that extends over the foundation or ground weave, distinguishes these materials. Supplementary yarn running in the direction of the fabric's length (warp pile weave) or width (weft pile weave) forms the pile (weft or filling pile weave). Velvet and corduroy textiles, as well as machine-woven Berber carpets, are all examples of pile weaves.
HEMSTITCH
Hemstitch is a technique that involves wrapping the end threads and then passing through the woven work to secure the loops. As a result, you'll have a finished weaving with a beautiful fringe edge.
OXFORD WEAVE
In the late 1800s, the Oxford weave was invented in England. It's a Basketweave variant. Originally, Oxford weave was composed largely of cotton, but it is now manufactured with a variety of different fibers such as polyester, viscose, and other synthetic fibers.
DOVETAIL
When two separate wefts are woven onto the same warp threads, a dovetail join is created, allowing the wefts to be woven side by side without gaps.
VERTICAL BAR
The vertical stripe appears to be intricate, but it's only a plain weave pattern with different colors. Weave a row of plain weave with your first color, then weave a row of plain weave with your second color, using the opposite warps as usual.
LAPPET
Lappet weaving is a type of embroidery in which the ground cloth is used to create various effects and patterns.
TAPESTRY
A weft-faced weave is known as tapestry. The weft, which weaves in and out of the warps, is pressed or beaten down to the point that it completely conceals or hides the warps. Only the wefts are visible on a finished tapestry, and these are the ones that make up the design.
BEDFORD CORD
The longitudinal wrap lines in the material are created by this weave, with sunken lines between them.
GHIORDES KNOT
A carpet and rug knot in which the two ends of pile yarn appear together at the surface between the two neighboring warp threads that they are twisted around.
TWINING WEAVE
Twining is a method that involves interlacing strands to create twine, but it may also be used to create a weave pattern.
WEFT FACE WEAVE
The weft facing weave pattern involves bringing the weft over two warp threads and under one. Then repeat two over one under, and so on.
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